Human Values & Professional Ethics

UNIT 4 — Nature, Existence & Coexistence
★ MOST PHILOSOPHICAL UNIT ★
01 Existence is Coexistence
Very Important PYQ

What is Existence?

Existence refers to everything that exists in reality. According to Human Values education, existence is not isolated existence, but coexistence.

CORE FORMULA Existence = Coexistence

Every unit in existence exists in relationship with every other unit. Nothing exists independently or in isolation.

Important Points
  • All units exist together in mutual relationship.
  • Existence includes both conscious and material units.
  • Coexistence means mutual harmony among all units.
  • Every unit is interconnected with other units.
  • Harmony in existence is natural and continuous.

Examples of Coexistence

Unit Relationship in Coexistence
Humans Depend on plants, animals, and nature
Plants Depend on soil, water, sunlight
Animals Depend on plants and environment
Material world Functions according to natural laws
02 Ever-Present, Ever-Effective & Ever-Expressive Reality
Conceptual PYQ

Nature of Existence

Existence is ever-present, ever-effective, and ever-expressive. This means existence continuously exists, continuously functions, and continuously expresses itself.

NATURE OF EXISTENCE Ever-Present + Ever-Effective + Ever-Expressive
Term Meaning
Ever-Present Existence always exists
Ever-Effective Natural laws continuously function
Ever-Expressive Existence continuously expresses activities and development
Important Insights
  • Existence does not stop or disappear.
  • Natural systems function continuously.
  • Development and transformation continuously occur.
  • Harmony exists naturally in existence.
03 Temporary vs Continuous Reality
Repeated PYQ

Temporary and Continuous Reality

Human beings often mistake temporary appearances for ultimate reality. Human Values education distinguishes between temporary and continuous reality.

Temporary Reality Continuous Reality
Changing forms Underlying existence
Physical appearance Continuous coexistence
Short-term events Natural order
Instability Continuity
KEY IDEA Forms may change, but existence continues.
Important Points
  • Material forms continuously change.
  • Existence itself remains continuous.
  • Nature follows a continuous order.
  • Understanding continuity creates stability in life.
04 Four Orders of Nature
Most Important PYQ

Understanding the Four Orders

Nature is organized into four major orders. Each order has its own characteristics, functions, and role in coexistence.

FOUR ORDERS OF NATURE Material Order + Plant Order + Animal Order + Human Order
Order Examples Main Activity
Material Order Soil, water, metals Composition and decomposition
Plant/Bio Order Trees, plants, crops Growth and regeneration
Animal Order Birds, animals Instinctive living
Human Order Human beings Understanding and values
Important Exam Points
  • All four orders coexist in mutual relationship.
  • Each order supports other orders.
  • The human order has the responsibility of right understanding.
  • Disharmony in one order affects the whole system.
Human Values & Professional Ethics · AKTU · Unit 4 Part 1 Notes
# Unit 4 — Nature, Existence & Coexistence (Part 2 HTML Code) ```html
05 Innateness and Natural Characteristics
Important PYQ

What is Innateness?

Innateness refers to the natural characteristic or inherent tendency of a unit. Every unit in existence has a definite nature that guides its behavior and activities.

INNATENESS Innateness = Natural Characteristic = Definite Nature

The natural characteristic of a unit remains consistent. For example, fire naturally produces heat, water naturally flows, and plants naturally grow.

Important Points
  • Every unit has a definite nature.
  • Innateness creates predictability and order in existence.
  • Natural characteristics are not random.
  • Harmony in nature exists because units follow their innateness.
  • Understanding innateness helps humans live in harmony.

Examples of Natural Characteristics

Unit Natural Characteristic
Fire Produces heat
Water Flows downward
Plants Growth and regeneration
Animals Instinctive living
Human beings Ability to understand and live with values
06 Submergence and Inheritance
Hidden PYQ

What is Submergence?

Submergence means the temporary suppression or hiding of a unit’s natural characteristic. Even when submerged, the original nature of the unit still exists internally.

SUBMERGENCE Natural Characteristic Hidden Temporarily
Important Insights
  • Submergence does not destroy natural characteristics.
  • The original nature can reappear later.
  • Human beings may suppress natural acceptance due to conditioning.
  • Right understanding removes submergence.

Inheritance

Inheritance refers to the transfer of natural characteristics from one generation to another. This continuity maintains order in nature.

Order Inheritance Example
Plant Order Seeds producing similar plants
Animal Order Inherited instincts and behaviors
Human Order Transfer of culture and conditioning
07 Harmony in Nature
Most Repeated PYQ

What is Harmony in Nature?

Harmony in nature refers to the mutual coexistence, balance, and interdependence among all units in existence. Every order of nature supports and complements other orders.

HARMONY IN NATURE Mutual Fulfillment + Mutual Coexistence + Mutual Relationship
Characteristics of Harmony
  • Nature functions in a systematic and balanced way.
  • Every order contributes to the larger system.
  • There is no unnecessary conflict in nature.
  • Mutual support exists among all units.
  • Human beings should learn from natural harmony.

Examples of Harmony

Natural Process Harmony Shown
Water cycle Balance in environment
Food chain Interdependence among species
Plant growth Support to animal and human life
Ecological balance Mutual coexistence
08 Dependency Among Four Orders
Important PYQ

Interdependence Among the Four Orders

All four orders of nature are interconnected and dependent on each other. No order can exist independently.

DEPENDENCY Every Order Supports Every Other Order
Order Depends On
Plant Order Material order for soil, water, minerals
Animal Order Plant order for food
Human Order All other orders for survival
Material Order Functions in natural balance
Important Points
  • Human beings are deeply dependent on nature.
  • Destroying one order affects all other orders.
  • Environmental imbalance harms human life.
  • Mutual dependency creates coexistence.
09 Participation in the Larger Order
Conceptual Topic

Participation in Larger Order

Every unit participates in the larger order of existence. Human beings must consciously contribute toward harmony, coexistence, and mutual fulfillment.

LARGER ORDER Individual → Family → Society → Nature → Existence
Human Responsibility
  • Protecting nature and environment.
  • Maintaining harmony in relationships.
  • Using resources responsibly.
  • Living according to coexistence.
  • Contributing positively to society.
10 Technology and Coexistence
Newly Important Topic

Technology with and without Coexistence

Technology should support harmony and coexistence. When technology is used without right understanding, it creates environmental destruction, exploitation, and imbalance.

Technology with Coexistence Technology without Coexistence
Sustainable development Environmental destruction
Resource conservation Resource exploitation
Human welfare Excessive consumerism
Long-term harmony Short-term gain
KEY IDEA Technology must be guided by right understanding.
Important Insights
  • Science without values creates imbalance.
  • Technology should support mutual fulfillment.
  • Human beings must use technology responsibly.
  • Coexistence should guide development.
Human Values & Professional Ethics · AKTU · Unit 4 Part 2 Notes
11 Development in Existence
Important PYQ

What is Development in Existence?

Development in existence refers to the continuous process of growth, evolution, and progression occurring naturally in all orders of existence.

DEVELOPMENT Development = Continuous Growth + Expression + Evolution

Every order in nature develops according to its natural characteristics. Material order develops through composition, plant order through growth, animal order through instinctive behavior, and human order through understanding and values.

Order Type of Development
Material Order Composition and decomposition
Plant Order Growth and regeneration
Animal Order Instinctive activities
Human Order Understanding, values, and harmony
Important Insights
  • Development in nature is continuous and orderly.
  • Each order contributes to the larger harmony.
  • Human development should focus on right understanding.
  • Development without coexistence creates imbalance.
12 Technology Without Coexistence
Newly Repeated Topic

Problems of Technology Without Coexistence

Technology without coexistence means the use of science and technology without considering harmony, sustainability, and mutual fulfillment.

TECHNOLOGY WITHOUT VALUES Technology – Right Understanding = Destruction & Imbalance
Area Negative Impact
Environment Pollution and ecological destruction
Society Consumerism and competition
Human Life Stress and dissatisfaction
Resources Over-exploitation and scarcity
Important Points
  • Technology should support human welfare.
  • Without values, technology becomes destructive.
  • Right understanding should guide scientific progress.
  • Sustainable technology supports coexistence.
13 Diagram of Existence
Diagram-Based PYQ

Diagram Representing Existence

Existence can be represented as coexistence among space, conscious units, and material units.

DIAGRAM OF EXISTENCE Space
↓
Conscious Units + Material Units
↓
Coexistence & Harmony
Explanation
  • Space provides the environment for existence.
  • Conscious units experience and understand.
  • Material units perform physical activities.
  • All units coexist in mutual relationship.

Relationship in Existence

Entity Role
Space Provides coexistence
Conscious Units Awareness and understanding
Material Units Physical composition and activity
14 Submergence in All Orders
Hidden PYQ

Understanding Submergence in Different Orders

Submergence can occur in different forms across all orders of nature. It refers to the temporary suppression of natural characteristics.

Order Possible Submergence
Material Order Temporary change in form
Plant Order Growth disturbance due to conditions
Animal Order Behavioral suppression
Human Order Suppression of natural acceptance and values
KEY IDEA Natural characteristics may be hidden, but they are not destroyed.
Important Insights
  • Submergence is temporary.
  • Natural characteristics remain internally present.
  • Right understanding helps remove submergence in humans.
  • Harmony is restored when natural characteristics express fully.
15 Important Exam Differences
Very Important Revision

Temporary Reality vs Continuous Reality

Temporary Reality Continuous Reality
Changing forms Continuous existence
Short-term events Natural order
Instability Continuity

Technology with vs without Coexistence

With Coexistence Without Coexistence
Sustainable development Environmental destruction
Human welfare Consumerism
Resource conservation Over-exploitation

Material vs Human Order

Material Order Human Order
Composition & decomposition Understanding & values
No consciousness Consciousness present
Governed by natural laws Can choose through understanding
★ Quick Revision — One Line Definitions
Term Definition
Existence Coexistence of all units in reality
Coexistence Mutual relationship among all units
Innateness Natural characteristic of a unit
Submergence Temporary suppression of natural characteristic
Inheritance Transfer of natural characteristics
Harmony Mutual fulfillment and balance
Development Continuous growth and evolution
Coexistence-based Technology Technology guided by harmony and sustainability
Human Values & Professional Ethics · AKTU · Unit 4 Part 3 Notes